Barve in teme v Kirigamiju

Naj vaša aplikacija sledi barvni shemi uporabnika

Kirigami ima barvno paleto, ki sledi sistemskim barvam, za boljšo integracijo na platformi, kjer se izvaja (npr. Plasma Desktop, Plasma Mobile, GNOME, Android itd.).

Vse QML komponente Kirigamija in vse Qt Quick Controls bodo že privzeto sledile tej paleti, tako da običajno ni treba barvanja po meri za vse kontrolnike.

Primitive components such as Rectangle should always be colored with the color palette provided by Kirigami via the Kirigami.Theme attached property.

Hardcoded colors in QML, such as #32b2fa or red, should usually be avoided; if it is really necessary to have elements with custom colors, it should be an area where only custom colors are used (usually in the content area of the app, and never in chrome areas such as toolbars or dialogs). For instance, a hardcoded black foreground cannot be used over a Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor background, because if the platform uses a dark color scheme the result will have poor contrast with black over almost black. This is an accessibility issue and should be avoided.

Opomba

Če že res morate uporabljati barve po meri, si oglejte Kontrast, da zagotovite, da izbrane barve ustrezajo priporočilom WCAG.

Tema

Kirigami.Theme is an attached property, and therefore it is available to use for any QML item. Its properties include all the colors available in the palette, and what palette to use, such as the colorSet property.

import QtQuick
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    height: 300
    width: 400

    pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.Page {
        Rectangle {
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            implicitHeight: 100
            implicitWidth: 200
            color: Kirigami.Theme.highlightColor
        }
    }
}

Kirigami Gallery provides a code example showcasing all colors available for Kirigami through Kirigami.Theme. This includes all their states: if you click outside the window, the colors change to their inactive state, and if you switch your system to a dark theme, the dark variants of the colors should show up in real time.

Barvni nabor

Glede na to, kje se nahaja kontrolnik, bi moral uporabiti drugačen nabor barv. Primer (s temo svetlih barv Breeze/Sapica): v pogledih Views je navadno ozadje skoraj belo, medtem ko je v drugih območjih kot so orodne vrstice ali pogovorna okna, navadno barva ozadja siva.

If you define a color set for an item, all of its child items will recursively inherit it automatically (unless the property inherit has explicitly been set to false, which should always be done when the developer wants to force a specific color set) so it is easy to change colors for an entire hierarchy of items without touching any of the items themselves.

Kirigami.Theme supports 5 different color sets:

Pogled (View): barvni nabor za poglede elementov, običajno najsvetlejši od vseh (v svetlih barvnih temah)
Okno (Window): Nabor barv za območja oken in krome (to je tudi privzeti nabor barv)
Gumb (Button): nabor barv, ki ga uporabljajo gumbi
Izbira (Selection): nabor barv, ki ga uporabljajo izbrana območja
Namig (Tooltip): nabor barv, ki ga uporabljajo namigi orodij
Komplementarni (Complementary): nabor barv, ki naj bi bil komplementaren z oknom: ponavadi temno tudi v svetlobnih temah. Se lahko uporablja za poudarek na majhnih območjih aplikacije

Tu je primer, ki prikazuje, kako se podedujejo nabori barv in jih je mogoče uporabiti za razlikovanje različnih komponent. Dodana je velika obroba za kontrast barvam.

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import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

// The comments assume the system uses the Breeze color theme

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    height: 500
    width: 800

    Rectangle {
        anchors.fill: parent
        border.width: 5

        // A gray color will be used, as the default color set is Window
        color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

        Controls.Label {
            // The text will be near-black, as defined in the Window color set for light themes
            text: "Rectangle that uses default background color\nfrom the Window color set"
            padding: 100
        }
        Rectangle {
            anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
            border.width: 5
            width: parent.width
            height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)

            // Use the color set used for Views
            Kirigami.Theme.colorSet: Kirigami.Theme.View
            // Do not inherit from the parent
            Kirigami.Theme.inherit: false
            // This will be a near-white color in light themes
            color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

            Controls.Label {
                text: "Rectangle that does not inherit the default background color\nand uses the Theme.View color set"
                padding: 50

            }

            Rectangle {
                anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
                anchors.left: parent.left
                border.width: 5
                width: Math.round(parent.width / 2)
                height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)

                // This will be a near-white color too, as the color set
                // is inherited from the parent and will be View
                color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

                Controls.Label {
                    // The text will be near-black, as defined in the View color set for light themes
                    text: "Rectangle that inherits the Theme.View color set"
                    anchors.centerIn: parent
                }
            }

            Rectangle {
                anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
                anchors.right: parent.right
                border.width: 5
                width: Math.round(parent.width / 2)
                height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)

                // Use the Complementary set
                Kirigami.Theme.colorSet: Kirigami.Theme.Complementary
                // Do not inherit from the parent
                Kirigami.Theme.inherit: false
                // This will be near-black as the background color
                // of the Complementary color set is dark in light themes
                color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

                Controls.Label {
                    // The text will be near-white, as defined in the Complementary color set for light themes
                    text: "Rectangle that does not inherit the Theme.View\nand uses Theme.Complementary instead"
                    anchors.centerIn: parent
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Kako se nabori barv razlikujejo v Sapici/Breeze

Kako se nabori barv razlikujejo v Temni sapici/Breeze Dark

Uporaba barv po meri

Čeprav odsvetujemo uporabo trdo določenih barv, ponuja Kirigami način za lažje vzdrževanje za dodeljevanje v kodi določene palete po meri elementu in vsem njegovim podrejenim, kar omogoča, da opredelite takšne barve po meri na enem samem mestu:

import QtQuick
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    title: "Custom colors"
    height: 300
    width: 300

    Rectangle {
        anchors.fill: parent
        Kirigami.Theme.inherit: false
        // OPOMBA: ne glede na uporabljeni barvni nabor je priporočljivo zamenjati vse razpoložljive
        // barve v temi, da se izognete slabo kontrastnim barvam

        Kirigami.Theme.colorSet: Kirigami.Theme.Window
        Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor: "#b9d795"
        Kirigami.Theme.textColor: "#465c2b"
        Kirigami.Theme.highlightColor: "#89e51c"
        // Ponovno določite vse druge barve, ki jih želite

        // To bo "#b9d795"
        color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

        Rectangle {
            // To bo "#465c2b"
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)
            width: Math.round(parent.width / 2)
            color: Kirigami.Theme.textColor
        }
    }
}

Naslednji koraki

Tipografija