Colors and themes in Kirigami

Spraw, aby twoja aplikacja podążała za zestawem barw użytkownika

Kirigami has a color palette that follows the system colors to better integrate with the platform it is running on (i.e. Plasma Desktop, Plasma Mobile, GNOME, Android, etc.).

All of the QML components of Kirigami and QtQuick Controls should already follow this palette by default, so usually no custom coloring should be needed for these controls.

Primitive components such as Rectangle should always be colored with the color palette provided by Kirigami via the Kirigami.Theme attached property.

Hardcoded colors in QML, such as #32b2fa or red, should usually be avoided; if it is really necessary to have elements with custom colors, it should be an area where only custom colors are used (usually in the content area of the app, and never in chrome areas such as toolbars or dialogs). For instance, a hardcoded black foreground cannot be used over a Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor background, because if the platform uses a dark color scheme the result will have poor contrast with black over almost black. This is an accessibility issue and should be avoided.

Uwaga

If you really need to use custom colors, check out Kontrast to ensure that the colors you choose have good contrast and are WCAG compliant.

Wygląd

Kirigami.Theme is an attached property, and therefore it is available to use for any QML item. Its properties include all the colors available in the palette, and what palette to use, such as the colorSet property.

import QtQuick
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    height: 300
    width: 400

    pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.Page {
        Rectangle {
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            implicitHeight: 100
            implicitWidth: 200
            color: Kirigami.Theme.highlightColor
        }
    }
}

Kirigami Gallery provides a code example showcasing all colors available for Kirigami through Kirigami.Theme. This includes all their states: if you click outside the window, the colors change to their inactive state, and if you switch your system to a dark theme, the dark variants of the colors should show up in real time.

The Colors component in Kirigami Gallery

Zestaw barw

Depending on where a control is located, it should use a different color set: for instance, when the Breeze Light color scheme is used in Views, the normal background is almost white, while in other regions, such as toolbars or dialogs, the normal background color is gray.

If you define a color set for an item, all of its child items will recursively inherit it automatically (unless the property inherit has explicitly been set to false, which should always be done when the developer wants to force a specific color set) so it is easy to change colors for an entire hierarchy of items without touching any of the items themselves.

Kirigami.Theme supports 5 different color sets:

Widok: Zestaw barw dla widoków rzeczy, zazwyczaj najjaśniejszy (w jasnych trybach barw)
Window: Color set for windows and chrome areas (this is also the default color set)
Przycisk: Zestaw barw używany przez przyciski
Zaznaczenie: Zestaw barw użyty przez zaznaczone obszary
Wskazówka: Zestaw barw używany przez wskazówki
Complementary: Color set meant to be complementary to Window: usually dark even in light themes. May be used for emphasis in small areas of the application

Here is an example showcasing how color sets are inherited and can be used to distinguish different components. A large border has been added to contrast colors.

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import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

// The comments assume the system uses the Breeze color theme

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    height: 500
    width: 800

    Rectangle {
        anchors.fill: parent
        border.width: 5

        // A gray color will be used, as the default color set is Window
        color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

        Controls.Label {
            // The text will be near-black, as defined in the Window color set for light themes
            text: "Rectangle that uses default background color\nfrom the Window color set"
            padding: 100
        }
        Rectangle {
            anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
            border.width: 5
            width: parent.width
            height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)

            // Use the color set used for Views
            Kirigami.Theme.colorSet: Kirigami.Theme.View
            // Do not inherit from the parent
            Kirigami.Theme.inherit: false
            // This will be a near-white color in light themes
            color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

            Controls.Label {
                text: "Rectangle that does not inherit the default background color\nand uses the Theme.View color set"
                padding: 50

            }

            Rectangle {
                anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
                anchors.left: parent.left
                border.width: 5
                width: Math.round(parent.width / 2)
                height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)

                // This will be a near-white color too, as the color set
                // is inherited from the parent and will be View
                color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

                Controls.Label {
                    // The text will be near-black, as defined in the View color set for light themes
                    text: "Rectangle that inherits the Theme.View color set"
                    anchors.centerIn: parent
                }
            }

            Rectangle {
                anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
                anchors.right: parent.right
                border.width: 5
                width: Math.round(parent.width / 2)
                height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)

                // Use the Complementary set
                Kirigami.Theme.colorSet: Kirigami.Theme.Complementary
                // Do not inherit from the parent
                Kirigami.Theme.inherit: false
                // This will be near-black as the background color
                // of the Complementary color set is dark in light themes
                color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

                Controls.Label {
                    // The text will be near-white, as defined in the Complementary color set for light themes
                    text: "Rectangle that does not inherit the Theme.View\nand uses Theme.Complementary instead"
                    anchors.centerIn: parent
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Używanie własnych barw

Although it's discouraged to use hardcoded colors, Kirigami offers a more maintainable way to assign a custom hardcoded palette to an item and all its children, which allows to define such custom colors in one place and one only:

import QtQuick
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    title: "Custom colors"
    height: 300
    width: 300

    Rectangle {
        anchors.fill: parent
        Kirigami.Theme.inherit: false
        // NOTE: regardless of the color set used, it is recommended to replace all available colors
        // in Theme, to avoid badly contrasting colors

        Kirigami.Theme.colorSet: Kirigami.Theme.Window
        Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor: "#b9d795"
        Kirigami.Theme.textColor: "#465c2b"
        Kirigami.Theme.highlightColor: "#89e51c"
        // Redefine all the other colors you want

        // This will be "#b9d795"
        color: Kirigami.Theme.backgroundColor

        Rectangle {
            // This will be "#465c2b"
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            height: Math.round(parent.height / 2)
            width: Math.round(parent.width / 2)
            color: Kirigami.Theme.textColor
        }
    }
}

Następne kroki

Typografia