List views
Listviews can help you display objects from a model in an attractive way. To use a list view, you have to keep track of three things:
- The model, which contains the data you want your list view to display
- The delegate, which defines how each element in the model will be displayed
- The list view itself, which will display information from the model according to the delegate
If you would like further clarification, the Qt documentation has an informative page on the topic.
Essentials of models and views
A list view has two essential properties we must pay attention to:
- model, which accepts the data or the
id
of the object that holds the data - delegate, which accepts the component we will use to display the data in the model
The model is not visible, as it only contains data. Typically the delegate will be wrapped in a Component so that it is reusable: it serves as a blueprint for how to instantiate each delegate.
Here is an example that contains exactly one list view, one model and one delegate, using a Kirigami.SubtitleDelegate :
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of Plasma products"
width: 600
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
anchors.fill: parent
model: plasmaProductsModel
delegate: listDelegate
}
ListModel {
id: plasmaProductsModel
ListElement { product: "Plasma Desktop"; target: "desktop" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Mobile"; target: "mobile" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Bigscreen"; target: "TVs" }
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
text: `${model.product} is KDE software developed for ${model.target} stored at index ${model.index} of this list`
}
}
}
}
And the exact same example, inline:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of Plasma products (inline)"
width: 600
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
anchors.fill: parent
model: ListModel {
id: plasmaProductsModel
ListElement { product: "Plasma Desktop"; target: "desktop" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Mobile"; target: "mobile" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Bigscreen"; target: "TVs" }
}
delegate: Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
text: `${model.product} is KDE software developed for ${model.target} stored at index ${model.index} of this list`
}
}
}
}
Understanding models
The model contains the data that will be used to populate the list view. Different ways to use models have different ways to access the data:
WAY TO USE | HOW TO ACCESS | WHEN TO USE |
---|---|---|
Qt models with more than one role | model.index, model.somerole | In most cases |
Qt models with one role | model.index, model.somerole, model.modelData | In most cases, for prototyping |
JavaScript array model | model.index, model.modelData | For prototyping |
Integer model | model.index, model.modelData | For prototyping |
You can read about other ways to use models in the Qt documentation.
In the table above, "Qt models" refers to both C++-specific models like QAbstractListModel and QML-specific models like ListModel. This tutorial page will only focus on QML-specific models. Farther ahead we provide a tutorial for Connecting C++ models to QML using QAbstractListModel.
The model.index
property is made available to every model and contains the index (the position) of each delegate. It can be shortened to index
for convenience.
The model.somerole
property mentioned above is just a placeholder, it is not a specific property that comes from QML: somerole
can be any role that is defined by the model. In the first code example of this page shown above the table, the plasmaProductsModel
model has the product
and target
roles, which can be accessed with model.product
and model.target
, respectively.
Just as model.index
can be shortened to index
, each model.somerole
property can be shorted to just somerole
(like product
) for convenience, but it is recommended that they be turned into required properties:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of Plasma products (shortened with required properties)"
width: 600
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
anchors.fill: parent
model: plasmaProductsModel
delegate: listDelegate
}
ListModel {
id: plasmaProductsModel
ListElement { product: "Plasma Desktop"; target: "desktop" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Mobile"; target: "mobile" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Bigscreen"; target: "TVs" }
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
required property string product
required property string target
required property int index
text: `${product} is KDE software developed for ${target} stored at index ${index} of this list`
}
}
}
}
Additionally, if the model contains only one role or has no role at all, its data can also be accessed with the property model.modelData
, which can also be shortened to modelData
(and as such would also need to be a required property):
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of KDE software"
width: 400
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
anchors.fill: parent
model: kdeSoftwareModel
delegate: listDelegate
}
ListModel {
id: kdeSoftwareModel
ListElement { software: "Dolphin" }
ListElement { software: "Discover" }
ListElement { software: "KHelpCenter" }
ListElement { software: "KCalc" }
ListElement { software: "Ark" }
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
required property string modelData
text: modelData // This matches model.software
}
}
}
}
For comparison, here is how the above code would look like with a JavaScript array, with no role:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of KDE software (as JS array)"
width: 400
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
anchors.fill: parent
model: ["Dolphin", "Discover", "KHelpCenter", "KCalc", "Ark"]
delegate: listDelegate
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
required property string modelData
text: modelData
}
}
}
}
Using an integer for the model can be useful for very specific cases, namely prototyping and tests:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "Simple list of indexes"
width: 400
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
anchors.fill: parent
model: 30
delegate: listDelegate
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
required property string modelData
text: `This delegate's index is: ${modelData}`
}
}
}
}
Understanding views and delegates
Let's go back to the original example:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of Plasma products"
width: 600
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
// anchors.fill: parent
model: plasmaProductsModel
delegate: listDelegate
}
ListModel {
id: plasmaProductsModel
ListElement { product: "Plasma Desktop"; target: "desktop" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Mobile"; target: "mobile" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Bigscreen"; target: "TVs" }
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
text: `${model.product} is KDE software developed for ${model.target} stored at index ${model.index} of this list`
}
}
}
}
Unlike the model (which merely contains data) and a delegate Component (which only appears when instantiated), the view is a visual component immediately instantiated and so it needs to either have its dimensions set or use anchors or Layouts.
As views are commonly lists of content the user would want to scroll through, when they are added to a
Kirigami.ScrollablePage
, views become the main content with little padding around them, and there is no need to make it fill the page. When the view is added to a simple
Kirigami.Page
, it will require to set its dimensions properly before it will show up. In other words: in the scrollable page above, anchors.fill: parent
is not required; if a simple page was used, it would be required.
There are multiple views APIs can be used, some from Qt and some from Kirigami. Here are the most commonly used ones:
- Qt's ListView
- Qt's GridView
- Qt's TableView
- Qt's TreeView
- Kirigami's CardsListView
- Kirigami's ColumnView
The delegate on the other hand always need to have its dimensions set. Generally its dimensions are set to use only the full width of the view.
Common mistakes
The above means that delegates should not have bottom anchors, since the delegate doesn't need to have the same height as the view. In other words, you will probably never want to use anchors.fill: parent
.
Additionally, while it is possible to set its dimensions using the parent and anchors, which is usually the view's contentItem, like so:
Controls.ItemDelegate {
anchors.left: parent.left
anchors.right: parent.right
text: // ...
}
It is not guaranteed that the delegate's parent will be a view, and so it should be avoided. Instead, use the ListView.view attached property to point to the delegate's parent view:
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
text: // ...
}
The most common use of a delegate is within a Component , which does not instantiate the delegate immediately. When a view is constructed, the delegate is then used as a blueprint to make each item in the view.
While you can make your own custom components to be used as delegates without delegate-specific Qt APIs (for example, a Layout containing a few Items), QtQuick Controls does provide delegate APIs that are simpler to use:
- ItemDelegate (delegates with only text)
- CheckDelegate (delegates with a checkbox)
- RadioDelegate (delegates with a radio)
- SwitchDelegate (delegates with a switch)
- SwipeDelegate (delegates that can be swiped)
You should prefer using the upstream Qt delegates where possible.
On top of these Qt delegates, Kirigami provides its own equivalents, with the added functionality of subtitles and icons:
- TitleSubtitle
- IconTitleSubtitle
- SubtitleDelegate
- CheckSubtitleDelegate
- RadioSubtitleDelegate
- SwitchSubtitleDelegate
The API ending with "Delegate" can be set as a direct delegate of the view, just like the previous examples that used Controls.ItemDelegate:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
import org.kde.kirigami.delegates as KD
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of Plasma products"
width: 600
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
model: plasmaProductsModel
delegate: listDelegate
}
ListModel {
id: plasmaProductsModel
ListElement { product: "Plasma Desktop"; target: "desktop" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Mobile"; target: "mobile" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Bigscreen"; target: "TVs" }
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
KD.CheckSubtitleDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
text: `${model.product} is KDE software developed for ${model.target}.`
subtitle: `This delegate is stored at index ${model.index} of this list`
icon.name: "kde"
}
}
}
}
Both TitleSubtitle and IconTitleSubtitle are expected to be used to override a Qt delegate's contentItem, for example:
import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami
import org.kde.kirigami.delegates as KD
Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
title: "List of Plasma products"
width: 600
height: 400
pageStack.initialPage: Kirigami.ScrollablePage {
ListView {
// anchors.fill: parent
model: plasmaProductsModel
delegate: listDelegate
}
ListModel {
id: plasmaProductsModel
ListElement { product: "Plasma Desktop"; target: "desktop" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Mobile"; target: "mobile" }
ListElement { product: "Plasma Bigscreen"; target: "TVs" }
}
Component {
id: listDelegate
Controls.ItemDelegate {
width: ListView.view.width
text: `${model.product} is KDE software developed for ${model.target}.`
contentItem: KD.IconTitleSubtitle {
title: parent.text
subtitle: `This delegate is stored at index ${model.index} of this list`
icon.name: "kde"
}
}
}
}
}
A practical example of using Kirigami delegates can be seen in the ListItemTest file in the Kirigami Repository.